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Anomalous Spin-Charge Separation in a Driven Hubbard System.

Hongmin Gao1, Jonathan R Coulthard1, Dieter Jaksch1,2

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|November 20, 2020
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Summary
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Periodic driving controls spin-charge separation (SCS) in quantum systems. Researchers found charge can move slower than spin, even freezing, in 1D systems, and complex interferences in 2D systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Strongly correlated electron systems

Background:

  • Spin-charge separation (SCS) is a key phenomenon in low-dimensional quantum systems, where distinct spin and charge excitations propagate at different velocities.
  • Understanding SCS is crucial for developing novel quantum technologies and comprehending complex electronic behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the control of spin-charge separation (SCS) in a Hubbard model using periodic driving.
  • To explore the impact of driving on SCS dynamics in one and two dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical predictions for one-dimensional systems.
  • Numerical calculations for one and two-dimensional Hubbard models under periodic driving.
  • Analysis of spin and charge excitation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that periodic driving can effectively control SCS in Hubbard systems near half filling.
  • Predicted and confirmed an exotic regime in 1D where charge excitations travel slower than spin excitations, potentially becoming "frozen."
  • Observed that in 2D, driving simultaneously slows both charge and spin, leading to intricate interferences between single-particle and pair-hopping processes.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic driving offers a powerful mechanism to manipulate spin-charge separation in quantum materials.
  • The findings reveal novel dynamical regimes and interferences, advancing the understanding of correlated electron systems.
  • This control over SCS opens new avenues for designing quantum devices and exploring fundamental physics in driven quantum systems.