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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
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Cardiovascular Contribution to Maternal Mortality.

Anna Grodzinsky1, Laura Schmidt1

  • 1Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and Muriel Kauffman Women's Heart Center, 4401 Wornall Road, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA.

Cardiology Clinics
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Maternal mortality is rising in the US, driven by cardiovascular disease, disproportionately impacting Black and Hispanic mothers. This review addresses knowledge gaps and best practices for heart disease in pregnancy.

Keywords:
Cardio-obstetricsCardiovascularMaternal mortality

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Maternal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The United States faces a unique increase in maternal mortality among industrialized nations.
  • Cardiovascular disease is the primary driver of maternal deaths.
  • Disparities exist, with Black and Hispanic mothers disproportionately affected by adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and address critical knowledge gaps in managing heart disease during pregnancy.
  • To highlight initiatives aimed at improving cardiovascular care for pregnant women.
  • To outline guidelines and best practices for managing maternal and fetal cardiovascular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on cardiovascular disease in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of existing initiatives and public health strategies.
  • Synthesis of clinical guidelines and best practice recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Significant knowledge gaps persist in the treatment of heart disease in pregnant individuals.
  • Targeted initiatives are emerging to bridge these gaps.
  • Evidence-based guidelines are crucial for optimizing care.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing cardiovascular disease in pregnancy is essential to reduce rising US maternal mortality rates.
  • Closing knowledge gaps and implementing best practices can mitigate disparities.
  • Improved care pathways are needed for pregnant women and their infants with cardiac conditions.