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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

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COVID-19 and stroke: A review.

Xiaoming Qi1, Kristin A Keith1,2, Jason H Huang1,2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA.

Brain Hemorrhages
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause stroke in patients by inducing coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and develop interventions for COVID-19-related stroke.

Keywords:
ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2COVID-19COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019CPR, C-reactive proteinCVD, Cerebrovascular diseaseCerebrovascular diseasesDIC, Disseminated intravascular coagulationECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenationICH, Intracranial hemorrhageIL-6, Interleukin-6MERS, Middle East Respiratory SyndromeNIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke ScalePT, Prothrombin timeSARS-CoV-1, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1SARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2StrokeTNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor-alphaaPL, AntiphospholipidaPTT, Activated partial thromboplastin timert-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionvWF, Von Willebrand Factor

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model
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A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model
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Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 is associated with diverse neurological complications.
  • Stroke is a particularly severe neurological outcome observed in COVID-19 patients.
  • Understanding the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and stroke is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on stroke in COVID-19 patients.
  • To elucidate the current understanding of stroke mechanisms in this population.
  • To highlight the impact on healthcare systems and stroke care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies, case series, and case reports.
  • Focus on COVID-19 patients with stroke complications.
  • Analysis of laboratory markers indicative of coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to coagulopathy, evidenced by elevated D-dimer, fibrinogen, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor.
  • Endothelial dysfunction and a hypercoagulable state are promoted by the infection.
  • These factors predispose COVID-19 patients to cerebrovascular events like stroke.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection significantly increases the risk of stroke through mechanisms involving hypercoagulability and endothelial damage.
  • The healthcare system's strain during the pandemic has compromised stroke care.
  • Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-associated stroke are essential.