Reciprocity in Conversation

This work provides initial evidence of reciprocity in conversation. We tested whether conversations with contribution imbalances brought on by task demands contained attempts to redress the created imbalance. Pairs of participants identified public art via phone communication. One member of the pair, the director, gave instructions using a map while the other, the follower, walked around a small town finding public art pieces. Later, trained raters coded the participants' transcribed conversational turns as either on-task or off-task. As observed in similar studies, directors spoke more in on-task portions of the dialogue. We newly found that in off-task communication, followers spoke more than their directors and used a greater number of words per turn than their directors. We interpret the pattern as reflecting behaviors leading toward balance in contributions across the conversation as a whole, a process we refer to as reciprocity in conversation.