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Heat tolerance, thermoregulation and ageing.

W L Kenney1, J L Hodgson

  • 1Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Older adults face higher risks from heat stress due to decreased heat tolerance. Ageing impacts thermoregulation, with reduced sweating in hot, dry conditions, highlighting hydration

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • The aging population is rapidly expanding globally.
  • Older adults exhibit increased susceptibility to heat-related illnesses like heat stroke.
  • Existing research indicates age-related declines in heat tolerance and thermoregulatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific role of aging in reduced heat tolerance.
  • To examine age-related changes in thermoregulatory effector responses, particularly sweating.
  • To highlight the importance of hydration status in older adults' thermoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological data on heat waves and mortality.
  • Analysis of laboratory studies on thermoregulatory responses in older adults.
  • Comparison of sweating rates in younger and older individuals across varying environmental humidity levels.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with decreased heat tolerance and altered thermoregulatory mechanisms.
  • Reduced sweating rates in older adults are observed primarily in hot, dry environments.
  • The difference in sweating rates between age groups diminishes as environmental humidity increases.
  • Concomitant health conditions and medications in older adults can further impair heat tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Aging per se contributes to reduced heat tolerance, independent of other functional declines.
  • Thermoregulatory responses, especially sweating, are significantly affected by age and environmental conditions.
  • Hydration status and co-existing medical conditions are critical factors influencing heat stress risk in the elderly.

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