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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

68.9K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Deep eutectic solvents for solid pesticide dosage forms.

Justin Phillips1, Walter W Focke2, Elizabeth L du Toit1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.

Scientific Reports
|November 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep eutectic solvents enable solid pesticide formulations for water-insoluble actives like Amitraz. Dissolving melt-cast discs rapidly releases the pesticide in a finely dispersed form, significantly reducing particle size.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Agricultural Chemistry

Background:

  • Water-insoluble pesticides pose formulation challenges for effective delivery.
  • Deep eutectic solvents offer unique properties for dissolving and formulating active ingredients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of deep eutectic solvents for creating solid pesticide dosage forms.
  • To demonstrate the formulation of Amitraz, a water-insoluble pesticide, using a urea-based deep eutectic solvent.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of Amitraz powder within a low-melting point eutectic mixture of urea and 1,3-dimethylurea.
  • Fabrication of melt-cast discs containing 20 wt% active ingredient.
  • Dissolution studies in water to assess pesticide release and particle characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Successful formulation of Amitraz into solid dosage forms using the deep eutectic solvent matrix.
  • Rapid release of Amitraz upon dissolution of the melt-cast discs in water.
  • Significant reduction in Amitraz particle size (order of magnitude) post-dissolution, indicating fine dispersion.

Conclusions:

  • Deep eutectic solvents are effective in formulating solid pesticide dosage forms for water-insoluble actives.
  • The observed particle size reduction is attributed to Amitraz solubilization and subsequent precipitation upon matrix crystallization.
  • This approach enhances pesticide bioavailability through improved dispersion.