[Maternal diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring]

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Pablo J Cafiero1, Gabriela Krochik2

  • 1Servicio de Clínicas Interdisciplinarias del Neurodesarrollo, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Profesor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Medicina
|November 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Maternal diabetes during pregnancy can harm offspring's long-term neurodevelopment, affecting learning and behavior. Early glycemic control is crucial for reducing these adverse outcomes and preventing future health issues.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is linked to adverse perinatal outcomes in offspring.
  • Emerging evidence highlights long-term effects on offspring neurodevelopment, impacting education and occupation.
  • These neurodevelopmental issues include learning/cognitive disorders, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of current evidence on maternal diabetes and offspring neurodevelopment.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • To identify potential strategies for the prevention of these outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Non-systematic review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of clinical and diagnostic classifications of neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Exploration of etiological pathways linking maternal diabetes to neurodevelopment.

Main Results:

  • Adequate glycemic control in early gestation significantly reduces adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • Maternal diabetes is associated with a spectrum of long-term neurodevelopmental challenges in offspring.
  • Specific disorders identified include learning/cognitive deficits, ADHD, and ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Effective glycemic management during pregnancy is vital for mitigating risks to offspring neurodevelopment.
  • Understanding the mechanisms is key to developing preventative interventions.
  • Further research can inform strategies to improve long-term health outcomes for children exposed to maternal diabetes.

Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderautism spectrum disorderchild neurodevelopmentintellectual disabilitymaternal diabetespregnancy

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