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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
Published on: September 5, 2019
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Experimental Non-Violation of the Bell Inequality
1Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 3, 2020
Summary
This study introduces a finite, non-classical framework challenging Bell Inequality violations. It proposes an invariant set geometry where spacetime and physics emerge, rendering the CHSH inequality undefined within this model.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Physics
- Cosmology
- Number Theory
Background:
- The Bell Inequality's violation is often cited as evidence against local realism.
- Existing quantum frameworks grapple with reconciling determinism and causality with observed phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel finite, non-classical framework for qubit physics.
- To challenge the experimental violation of the Bell Inequality.
- To propose an alternative to standard interpretations of quantum mechanics.
Main Methods:
- Postulation of a fractal-like 'invariant set' geometry in cosmological state space.
- Definition of a non-Euclidean metric (g_p) related to p-adic numbers.
- Application of number-theoretic properties of spherical triangles to analyze inequalities.
Main Results:
- The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is shown to be undefined in the proposed framework.
- Experimentally violated CHSH-like inequalities are demonstrated to be distinct from the standard CHSH inequality within this model.
- The framework is deterministic and locally causal, avoiding conspiratorial explanations.
Conclusions:
- The experimental violation of the Bell Inequality may not be as definitive as commonly concluded.
- The proposed invariant set theory offers a new perspective on quantum foundations and cosmology.
- This non-classical framework provides a deterministic and causal alternative that aligns with experimental observations.
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