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VASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN THE PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

Oksana O Kopchak1, Natalia Yu Bachinskaya1, Oleksandr R Pulyk2

  • 1KYIV MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE; CHEBOTAREV STATE INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE.

Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)
|December 14, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and four or more vascular risk factors (VRF) experience more severe cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline, including memory and attention deficits, is linked to the number of VRF and age.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of cognitive impairment (CI).
  • The impact of vascular risk factors (VRF) on cognitive function in CVD patients requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the number of vascular risk factors (VRF) and the severity of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 580 patients with CVD (mean age 64.1 years) was categorized into six groups based on the number of VRF.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Paired Associates Learning Test (PALT), and clock drawing test.
  • Neuroimaging (MRI) and laboratory tests were also performed.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the number of VRF and MMSE scores, indicating greater cognitive decline with more VRF (F=2.97, p=0.012).
  • Advanced age was independently associated with lower cognitive scores across all VRF groups.
  • Patients with four or more VRF exhibited significantly poorer performance in memory, attention, and visuospatial tasks compared to those with fewer VRF.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of four or more vascular risk factors is associated with more pronounced cognitive impairment in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
  • Cognitive domains affected include memory, attention, spatial orientation, abstract thinking, planning, and executive functions.
  • Age is a critical factor contributing to cognitive decline in CVD patients, irrespective of the number of vascular risk factors.
Abstract

Keywords:
cerebrovascular diseasecognitive impairmentvascular risk factors

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