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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
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Spin Squeezing with Short-Range Spin-Exchange Interactions.

Michael A Perlin1,2, Chunlei Qu3, Ana Maria Rey1,2

  • 1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied spin squeezing dynamics in quantum systems with long-range interactions. Optimal squeezing is achievable even with short-range interactions, showing collective behavior that grows with system size.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Spin squeezing is crucial for high-precision quantum measurements.
  • Understanding spin squeezing dynamics in various interaction models is essential for advancing quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate many-body spin squeezing dynamics in an XXZ model with power-law decaying interactions (1/r^α).
  • Determine the parameter regimes where significant spin squeezing can be achieved, even with short-range interactions.
  • Explore the system-size dependence of spin squeezing and identify conditions for collective behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the discrete truncated Wigner approximation (DTWA) for numerical simulations.
  • Analyzed the XXZ model in D=2 and D=3 spatial dimensions.
  • Varied interaction parameters (α) from long-range (α=0) to nearest-neighbor (α→∞).

Main Results:

  • Identified a broad parameter regime where spin squeezing comparable to the infinite-range limit is achievable for short-range interactions (α>D).
  • Observed a region of collective behavior where optimal squeezing scales with system size, extending to the nearest-neighbor interaction limit (α→∞).
  • Demonstrated that spin squeezing dynamics differ significantly from the Ising model.

Conclusions:

  • Spin squeezing is robust and achievable in XXZ models with short-range interactions.
  • Collective behavior in spin squeezing is not limited to long-range interactions.
  • The findings are experimentally testable in cold atomic, molecular, and optical systems, paving the way for enhanced quantum metrology.