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PADs in cancer: Current and future
Yu Zhang1, Yiqiong Yang1, Xiuxiu Hu1
1Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|December 15, 2020
Summary
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) enzymes drive cancer progression by altering protein structure and function. This study explores PADs
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium-dependent enzymes catalyzing arginine to citrulline, altering protein structure and function.
- PADs are implicated in various pathological conditions, including inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer progression.
- The complex roles of PADs in tumors necessitate a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify knowledge gaps regarding PADs' structures, biological substrates, and tissue distribution in cancer.
- To elucidate the poorly understood mechanisms of PAD dysregulation in tumors, despite the availability of selective inhibitors.
- To discuss the relationship between PADs and tumor apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumorigenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and analysis of existing studies on PADs in cancer.
- Exploration of PAD structures, biological substrates, and tissue distribution.
- Discussion of PADs' roles in apoptosis, EMT, metastasis, and NETs formation.
Main Results:
- PADs play multifaceted roles in cancer progression, influencing apoptosis, EMT, and metastasis.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation mediated by PADs contributes to tumorigenesis.
- Citrullinated antigens hold potential for cancer immunotherapy.
Conclusions:
- PADs are critical regulators of cancer progression through various mechanisms.
- Targeting PADs or leveraging citrullinated antigens may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
- Further research is needed to fully understand PAD dysregulation and therapeutic potential in oncology.
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