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Substrate adhesion evolves non-monotonically with processing time in millimeter-scale aligned carbon nanotube arrays.

Ashley L Kaiser1, Dale L Lidston, Sophie C Peterson

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. alkaiser@alum.mit.edu.

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Summary

We developed a model to predict nanofiber (NF) adhesion to substrates. Post-growth processing significantly enhances carbon nanotube (CNT) array adhesion and mechanical properties, enabling advanced NF applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Aligned nanofibers (NFs) exhibit unique properties for dry adhesives and shape-engineerable materials.
  • Controlling NF-substrate adhesion is crucial for manufacturing and performance, but processing-dependent evolution is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop predictive capabilities for nanofiber-substrate adhesion based on processing conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of processing time on aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) array adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Tensile pull-off tests on mm-scale CNT arrays.
  • Modeling of adhesion properties.
  • Analysis of CNT synthesis in 'Growth' (Mode I) and 'Post-Growth' (Mode II) regimes.

Main Results:

  • Substrate adhesion scales non-monotonically with process time.
  • Post-growth processing (within 10 minutes) increases CNT array adhesion strength by an order of magnitude (40 to 285 kPa).
  • Significant increases observed in elastic modulus, single CNT adhesion force, and work of adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • CNT array mechanical response is influenced by growth number decay and carbon accumulation.
  • The developed framework enables design and manufacture of high-value NF array applications.
  • Catalyst (iron) remains on the substrate after processing.