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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment01:30

Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment

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Consider two charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. If they cannot be separated by an external electric field, the system is called a permanent dipole. For example, the water molecule is a dipole, making it a good solvent.
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Magnetoelectric Effect in Dipolar Clusters.

Paula Mellado1, Andres Concha1, Sergio Rica1

  • 1School of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.

Physical Review Letters
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce dipolar clusters as building blocks for multiferroic metamaterials, leveraging magnetic anisotropy and solid symmetry. These clusters exhibit spin currents and the magnetoelectric effect, enabling room-temperature device design.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Multiferroic metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties.
  • Understanding the fundamental units of these materials is crucial for design.
  • Dipolar interactions and symmetry play key roles in magnetic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dipolar clusters as novel basic units for multiferroic metamaterials.
  • To explore the relationship between magnetic anisotropy, point symmetry, and material properties.
  • To identify potential mechanisms for the magnetoelectric effect in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling magnetic dipoles arranged in polygonal and polyhedral clusters.
  • Mapping the magnetic Hamiltonian to exchange couplings, including Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions.
  • Analyzing the symmetry groups of magnetic modes and comparing them to crystal field theory.

Main Results:

  • Dipolar clusters can be mapped to Hamiltonians with symmetric and antisymmetric exchange couplings.
  • The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya contribution dictates magnetic modes and symmetry.
  • The studied clusters exhibit spin current and the magnetoelectric effect.

Conclusions:

  • Dipolar clusters are promising basic units for multiferroic metamaterials.
  • The findings provide a framework for understanding magnetoelectricity in these systems.
  • This research paves the way for designing room-temperature magnetoelectric devices.