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Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Types of Semiconductors01:20

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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

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Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Soft Ferroelectrics Enabling High-Performance Intelligent Photo Electronics.

Chanho Park1, Kyuho Lee1, Min Koo1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft ferroelectric materials offer electrically programmable polarization for flexible electronics. These materials are crucial for developing advanced human-connected devices like sensors and displays, enhancing human-machine interaction and sustainability.

Keywords:
non-centrosymmetric molecular assembliesnonvolatile photoelectronic devicesorganic ferroelectrics, organic-inorganic ferroelectricsprogrammable electric fieldssoft ferroelectrics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Ferroelectric Materials

Background:

  • Soft ferroelectrics, utilizing organic and hybrid materials, exhibit electrically programmable and remnant polarization.
  • These properties enable the creation of flexible, foldable, and stretchable nonvolatile memory devices.
  • Recent advancements focus on optimizing performance through crystal engineering approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in soft ferroelectric materials.
  • To emphasize their ferroelectric switching principles and applications in human-connected intelligent electronics.
  • To categorize soft ferroelectrics into seven subgroups based on switching origins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on soft ferroelectric materials.
  • Analysis of ferroelectric switching principles at atomic and/or molecular levels.
  • Categorization of materials based on switching mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of soft ferroelectrics' efficiency in various human-connected electronic devices.
  • Highlighting distinct ferroelectric characteristics for programmable electric field applications.
  • Identification of seven distinct subgroups of soft ferroelectrics.

Conclusions:

  • Soft ferroelectrics play a vital role in emerging human-connected electronics, including photoelectronic elements.
  • Applications span tactile sensors, synaptic devices, displays, photodetectors, and solar cells.
  • Further research is inspired to leverage the functionality of soft ferroelectrics for human-machine interaction, safety, and sustainability.