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Near-Field to Far-Field RCS Prediction on Arbitrary Scanning Surfaces Based on Spherical Wave Expansion.

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This study introduces a novel near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) algorithm using spherical wave expansion. The method accurately converts near-field radar cross section (RCS) measurements to far-field values, crucial for weapon system design.

Keywords:
near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT)radar cross section (RCS) measurementspherical wave expansion (SWE)

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Applied Physics
  • Antenna Theory and Measurement

Background:

  • Near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) is essential for antenna and radar cross section (RCS) measurements.
  • Weapon system design often relies on near-field measurements due to security and cost constraints of far-field testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a new NFFFT algorithm for near-field RCS measurement systems.
  • To enable accurate conversion of near-field scattered waves to far-field values.

Main Methods:

  • The algorithm utilizes spherical wave expansion, leveraging the orthogonal relationship of spherical wave functions.
  • Iterative least squares QR-factorization is employed to calculate unknown weight values from measured near-field data.
  • A system of linear equations is generated based on known measurement point coordinates.

Main Results:

  • The proposed NFFFT algorithm's validity was confirmed through simulations and measurements.
  • Successful verification was achieved across various scatterer types, frequencies, and measurement distances.
  • The method accurately converts near-field data to far-field RCS values.

Conclusions:

  • The developed spherical wave expansion-based NFFFT algorithm is effective for near-field RCS measurement systems.
  • This technique provides a reliable solution for obtaining far-field RCS characteristics from near-field measurements.
  • The algorithm's robustness is demonstrated across diverse testing scenarios.