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A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
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Paediatric Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis: A rare case report.

Mushtaq Ahmed1, Hafsa Jawaid2, Farhan Ali3

  • 1Department of Paediatric Unit III Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|December 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis, a rare Guillain-Barré Syndrome variant, can affect children. Early diagnosis using clinical signs, MRI, and prompt corticosteroid treatment led to full recovery in a pediatric case.

Keywords:
Bickerstaff, encephalitis, brainstem, paediatric encephalitis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis (BBE) is a rare variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
  • It typically presents with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and altered consciousness.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old child presented with fever, hypersomnia, and gait disturbance.
  • Clinical examination revealed ophthalmoplegia and cranial nerve palsies.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis lacked albuminocytological dissociation.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation, MRI findings, and response to treatment due to unavailable Anti-GQ1b antibodies.
  • Treatment involved high-dose intravenous Methyl Prednisolone followed by oral Prednisolone.
  • The patient achieved complete recovery and was weaned off medication over four months.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering BBE in pediatric patients with similar symptoms.
  • Prompt corticosteroid therapy can lead to favorable outcomes in BBE.
  • Further research into diagnostic markers for BBE is warranted.