Fatigue resistance of composite resins and glass-ceramics on dentin and enamel
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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Paul de Kok1, Gustave F Kanters2, Cornelis J Kleverlaan3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Private practice, the Netherlands.
Statement Of Problem:
Composite resins and glass-ceramics are both used to restore worn teeth. Which restoration material is more durable is unclear.
Purpose:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the load to failure of thin composite resins and glass-ceramic restorations on enamel and dentin under increasing repetitive loads.
Material And Methods:
Glass-ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar AG) were shaped into cylinders (Ø4.0×1.0 mm), crystallized, and adhesively luted to bovine dentin and enamel substrates that were embedded in polymethyl methacrylate (n=20). Identical direct composite resin restorations (Clearfil AP-X; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc) were made and directly applied on the same substrates (n=20). All specimens were tested in a pneumatic device with a stainless steel ball that provided a stepwise increase of the load (N) starting at 250 N and increasing by 50 N after every 10 000 cycles to a maximum of 1150 N. Failures were detected by a displacement sensor and defined by chipping of restorative material or catastrophic failure.
Results:
On dentin, composite resin showed a significantly higher fatigue resistance than glass-ceramic. On enamel, no significant difference was found between the 2 materials.
Conclusions:
When bonded to dentin, thin direct composite resin restorations were more durable than glass-ceramics. When bonded to enamel, no difference was found.
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