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[Infantile arterial hypertension: A diagnostic challenge in paediatrics]

Lucas R Díaz Anadón1, Clara González López1, Flor A Ordóñez Álvarez1

  • 1Unidad de Nefrología Pediátrica, Área de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.

Anales De Pediatria
|December 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Infancy-onset hypertension (HTN) is rare but often severe, typically caused by secondary conditions. Early detection and specialist care are crucial for diagnosis and treatment in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Arterial Hypertension (HTN) prevalence is rising in children, particularly older ones, often as primary HTN.
  • In infants, HTN is less common but frequently indicates severe secondary causes requiring specialist intervention.
  • Diagnostic challenges in infants include technical difficulties in blood pressure measurement and lack of standardized screening protocols and normal values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To raise pediatrician awareness of infancy-onset hypertension.
  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for hypertension in infants.
  • To discuss pharmacological treatments for pediatric hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of three infants with hypertension.
  • Review of diagnostic approaches for secondary causes of hypertension in neonates and infants.
  • Discussion of current treatment guidelines and pharmacological options.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension in infants is predominantly secondary and potentially severe.
  • Accurate blood pressure measurement and etiological diagnosis are critical.
  • Multidisciplinary specialist care is often necessary for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Infancy-onset hypertension necessitates heightened clinical suspicion and systematic evaluation.
  • Prompt diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential to prevent severe outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to establish standardized screening and management guidelines for infants.

Keywords:
Arterial hypertensionArterial hypertension in infantsAutosomal recessive polycystic kidney diseaseHipertensión arterialHipertensión arterial en lactantesHipertensión arterial secundariaHipertensión renovascularHurler syndromeMid-aortic syndromeMucopolisacaridosisMucopolysaccharidosisPoliquistosis renal autosómica recesivaRenovascular hypertensionSecondary arterial hypertensionSíndrome de HurlerSíndrome de aorta media

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