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Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
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Biasing of FET01:22

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Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
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Upsampling01:22

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Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
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Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
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Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

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Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
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1-bit feedback-based beamforming scheme for an uplink FSO-NOMA system with SIC errors.

Prakriti Saxena, Manav R Bhatnagar

    Applied Optics
    |December 28, 2020
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    Summary

    This study introduces a 1-bit feedback beamforming scheme for free-space optical (FSO) communication with nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The proposed scheme improves bit error rate (BER) performance in MISO systems, outperforming conventional methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Wireless Communication Systems
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems offer high bandwidth but are susceptible to fading.
    • Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enhances spectral efficiency by allowing users to share resources.
    • Multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems can improve signal reliability and capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the performance of a novel beamforming scheme for MISO uplink FSO-NOMA systems.
    • To analyze the impact of 1-bit channel state information feedback on system performance.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in mitigating successive interference cancellation (SIC) errors.

    Main Methods:

    • Bit error rate (BER) analysis over negative exponential fading channels.
    • Derivation of a simplified asymptotic upper bound for BER using order statistics.
    • Optimization of the beamforming vector by minimizing the BER upper bound.
    • Analytical and simulation-based comparisons with existing FSO-NOMA and SISO FSO systems.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed beamforming scheme with 1-bit feedback significantly suppresses SIC errors, leading to improved BER performance.
    • Optimal performance is achieved by assigning higher weights to channels with greater gain.
    • The beamforming vector is independent of average signal-to-noise ratio under specific channel conditions.
    • The scheme demonstrates a substantial coding gain advantage over conventional FSO-NOMA and SISO FSO systems.

    Conclusions:

    • The 1-bit feedback beamforming scheme offers a robust solution for MISO uplink FSO-NOMA systems, enhancing reliability and performance.
    • The proposed scheme effectively mitigates the impact of SIC errors, achieving comparable BER for all transmitters.
    • System performance degrades with an increasing number of transmitters in MISO FSO-NOMA configurations.