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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Identifying the Distinct Cognitive Phenotypes in Multiple Sclerosis.

Ermelinda De Meo^1,2,3, Emilio Portaccio^4,5, Antonio Giorgio⁶

¹Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

|January 4, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified five distinct cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, revealing that specific patterns of cognitive impairment correlate with disease duration and MRI findings. These phenotypes offer a more nuanced understanding of cognitive status in MS.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience
Cognitive Science

Background:

Cognitive impairment is a significant disability in multiple sclerosis (MS).
A precise characterization of cognitive phenotypes in MS patients is currently lacking.
Understanding these phenotypes is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify distinct cognitive phenotypes in a clinical cohort of patients with MS.
To characterize the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with each cognitive phenotype.
To provide a more detailed understanding of cognitive dysfunction in MS.

Main Methods:

A multicenter, cross-sectional study involving 1212 clinically stable MS patients and 196 healthy controls.
Cognitive evaluation using the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery and Stroop Color and Word Test.
Latent profile analysis to identify cognitive phenotypes, followed by linear regression and mixed-effects models for clinical and MRI feature analysis.

Main Results:

Five cognitive phenotypes were identified: preserved cognition, mild-verbal memory/semantic fluency, mild-multidomain, severe-executive/attention, and severe-multidomain.
Younger age and shorter disease duration were associated with preserved or mild cognitive phenotypes.
Specific MRI findings, including reduced hippocampal and gray matter volumes and increased T2 lesion volume, correlated with different cognitive phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Defining distinct cognitive phenotypes in MS overcomes the limitations of traditional classifications.
These phenotypes provide a more meaningful measure of cognitive status in MS.
Phenotype-specific characterization can aid in defining clinical disability, guiding treatment decisions, and tailoring cognitive rehabilitation strategies.