OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ENT ORGANS MYCOSES (REVIEW)

The review considers one of the most important problems of modern otorhinolaryngology - the diagnosis of opportunistic mycoses. Data on the species spectrum of pathogens of opportunistic mycoses of the ENT organs and their epidemiology are presented, the analysis of existing methods of laboratory diagnosis of this pathology is given. The solution to the problem of rapid and reliable identification of fungi and determination of their sensitivity to antifungals is provided by the use of semi-automatic and automatic microbiological analyzers, as well as the use of mass spectrometry. Particular attention is paid to modern molecular genetic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, sequencing of a new generation, which in combination with classical microbiological methods, make it possible, with the highest level of reliability, to identify microorganisms by species based on decoding their genomes. It also gives the possibility to assess the sensitivity of the isolated strains to chemotherapeutic drugs using the disco-diffusion method, the method of serial dilutions, epsilometric and the use of ATB strips. The introduction into clinical practice a set of classical and modern diagnostic technologies should become the standard for the diagnosis of fungal diseases not only upper respiratory tract and ear, but also other biotopes of the macroorganism.