Direct printing of functional 3D objects using polymerization-induced phase separation

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Additive Manufacturing

Background:

• Traditional 3D printing faces challenges in integrating multiple materials for functional objects.
• Vat polymerization offers a polymer chemistry approach to create smart objects with controlled material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate how phase separation in vat polymerization can control material positioning.
• To achieve desirable morphological and functional properties in 3D printed objects.

Main Methods:

• Modulating gelation kinetics, cross-linking density, and material diffusivity.
• Judicious selection of photoresin components for controlled phase separation.

Main Results:

• Generated a continuum of morphologies including functional coatings, gradients, and composites.
• Fabricated 3D piezoresistive sensors, 5G antennas, and antimicrobial objects.

Conclusions:

• Vat polymerization enables precise spatial control of dissimilar materials in 3D printing.
• This approach facilitates the creation of advanced functional and smart objects.