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Advancing Tomographic Volumetric Printing Via Oxygen Inhibition Control: Improved Accuracy and Large-Volume

Yujie Zhang¹, Katherine Houlahan¹, Daniel Webber¹

¹National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5A2, Canada.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a chemical strategy to overcome oxygen inhibition in tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (TVAM) 3D printing. N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) enables large-volume, high-resolution prints by sustaining polymerization without compromising light penetration.

Keywords:

(meth)acrylate photopolymerization large‐volume printing oxygen inhibition print fidelity tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing

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Area of Science:

Additive Manufacturing
Polymer Chemistry
Photopolymerization

Background:

Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (TVAM) offers rapid 3D printing of complex structures.
Oxygen inhibition and limited light penetration in photoresins restrict TVAM's print size and quality.
Current TVAM methods struggle with scalability due to these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a chemical strategy to mitigate oxygen inhibition in TVAM.
To enable high-resolution and large-volume printing in (meth)acrylate-based systems.
To overcome limitations of photoinitiator concentration and light penetration.

Main Methods:

Investigated amine, thiol, and phosphine additives to control oxygen inhibition.
Identified N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as a promising additive.
Incorporated MDEA into low-photoinitiator (PI) photoresins for TVAM.

Main Results:

MDEA effectively regenerated propagating radicals, sustaining polymerization.
Achieved high-resolution printing with a root-mean-square surface deviation of 0.175 mm.
Enabled large-volume printing up to 60 mm, a 16-fold increase in print volume.
Demonstrated high-throughput fabrication of multiple complex parts.

Conclusions:

The chemical strategy effectively overcomes oxygen inhibition in (meth)acrylate TVAM.
MDEA enables scalable, high-volume, high-resolution additive manufacturing.
This approach unlocks new possibilities for advanced 3D printing applications.