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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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[Advances in three-dimensional genomics].

Fuhan Zhang1, Zongyi Shen1, Changyuan Yu1

  • 1College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) genomics explores genome 3D structure and function. Advanced chromosome conformation capture (3C) technologies like Hi-C and ChIA-PET reveal genome organization, aiding agricultural, life, and medical sciences, especially in tumor research.

Keywords:
chromosome conformation capture technologygene expression regulationthree-dimensional genomicsthree-dimensional spatial conformationtumor

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) genomics investigates the spatial arrangement of genomes within the nucleus.
  • This spatial organization influences critical biological processes, including DNA replication, recombination, and gene expression regulation.
  • The development of chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology has significantly advanced the study of 3D genome structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental concepts of 3D genomics.
  • To outline the evolution of 3C-based technologies.
  • To highlight the applications of 3D genomics in agricultural, life, and medical sciences, with a focus on tumor research.

Main Methods:

  • Chromosome conformation capture (3C) and its derivatives (e.g., Hi-C, ChIA-PET) are key methodologies.
  • These techniques enable the analysis of genome-wide chromosome interactions and spatial organization.
  • Bioinformatic approaches are crucial for analyzing the large datasets generated by these methods.

Main Results:

  • 3D genomics provides insights into spatial genome organization and chromosomal interaction patterns.
  • 3C technologies facilitate the understanding of transcriptional regulation and the development of biological traits.
  • The application of 3C technologies aids in identifying key genes and signaling pathways relevant to diseases.

Conclusions:

  • 3D genomics is a rapidly advancing field with significant implications across various scientific disciplines.
  • The continuous development of 3C technologies enhances our ability to study complex genome structures.
  • 3D genomics research holds promise for breakthroughs in agriculture, life sciences, and particularly in understanding and treating tumors.