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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

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First-language influence on second language speech perception depends on task demands.

Max R Freeman1, Henrike K Blumenfeld2, Matthew T Carlson3

  • 1St. John's University, USA.

Language and Speech
|January 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilinguals

Keywords:
Bilingualismlexical accessmetalinguistic demandsphonologyphonotactic constraintssecond language acquisition

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Second Language Acquisition
  • Phonetics and Phonology

Background:

  • Second language (L2) learners often process speech through the filter of their native language (L1).
  • Native language phonotactic constraints can influence L2 speech perception.
  • The specific impact of L1 constraints on L2 processing is modulated by task demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Spanish-English bilinguals' perception of L2 English sound sequences is influenced by L1 Spanish phonotactic constraints.
  • To determine the role of task demands in mediating cross-linguistic influence during L2 speech processing.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted with varying task demands: AX word discrimination, vowel detection, and lexical decision.
  • Participants were Spanish-English bilinguals.
  • Response times were measured to assess processing of L2 English words conflicting with L1 Spanish phonotactics.

Main Results:

  • Cross-linguistic effects were not observed in the low metalinguistic awareness task (AX discrimination).
  • Bilinguals showed significant influence from the L1 Spanish constraint in higher metalinguistic awareness tasks (vowel detection, lexical decision).
  • This influence manifested as altered processing of L2 English words beginning with s+consonant clusters.

Conclusions:

  • L1 phonotactic constraints influence L2 processing in bilinguals when metalinguistic demands are high.
  • L2 input may be mapped onto L1 sub-lexical representations during perception under specific task conditions.
  • Task demands play a crucial role in determining the presence and extent of cross-linguistic phonotactic access in bilingual speech comprehension.