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An Effective Diabetic Ketoacidosis Prevention Intervention in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

Rebecca J Vitale1, Casey E Card1, Judith H Lichtman2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

SAGE Open Nursing
|January 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

A brief educational intervention improved recognition of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) warning signs in patients and parents. This led to more emergency calls and fewer emergency department visits, enhancing diabetes sick day management.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes.
  • Early recognition of DKA warning signs is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Parental and patient education on sick day management is vital for preventing DKA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of a brief, office-based educational intervention.
  • To improve parent/patient recognition of early diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) signs and symptoms.
  • To evaluate the impact of education on DKA knowledge and emergency care utilization.

Main Methods:

  • A pretest-posttest design was used with 42 adolescent patients and 34 parents.
  • Participants received a brief educational refresher on DKA and sick day management.
  • A take-home flow sheet with management guidelines was provided.

Main Results:

  • Posttest scores significantly improved compared to pretest scores.
  • Emergency line calls increased significantly (p=.032) post-intervention.
  • Emergency department visits were significantly reduced in adolescents (p=.024).

Conclusions:

  • A concise educational intervention and management tool effectively enhances DKA and sick day knowledge.
  • The intervention appears to reduce emergency department visits by promoting early outpatient intervention.
  • Improved patient/parent education is key to better diabetes complication management.

Keywords:
childrenchronic illnessesdiabetesendocrinologyhealth educationoccupational health and safety programspracticeworkforce

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