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Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

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The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

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When Physicians Don't Know.

Julia Knopes

    Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
    |January 8, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Physicians cannot know everything due to vast medical information, leading to uncertainty. This study explores how medical professionals navigate ignorance and proposes "sufficient knowledge" as a framework for understanding this dynamic.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Sociology
    • Anthropology of Medicine
    • Bioethics

    Background:

    • The practice of medicine involves an overwhelming volume of information, skills, and techniques, making absolute medical knowledge unattainable for individual clinicians.
    • Ambiguity in diagnosing and treating illnesses inherently creates uncertainty in healthcare.
    • There is a notable lack of academic discourse on how medical professionals are trained to handle ignorance and how 'not knowing' manifests in clinical practice and education.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To stimulate academic discussion on the role of ignorance and "non-knowledge" within biomedical practice and training.
    • To critically analyze the existing sociological focus on medical knowledge.
    • To introduce a novel anthropological framework, "sufficient knowledge," for understanding the interplay between knowing and not knowing in medicine.

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    Main Methods:

    • Critical examination of existing sociological literature on medical knowledge.
    • Development and proposal of an anthropological framework termed "sufficient knowledge."
    • Review of academic discussions on ignorance in healthcare.

    Main Results:

    • Identifies a gap in academic literature concerning the socialization and experience of ignorance among healthcare professionals.
    • Challenges the predominant focus on "knowing" in sociological studies of medicine.
    • Introduces "sufficient knowledge" as a conceptual tool to analyze how clinicians manage uncertainty and gaps in information.

    Conclusions:

    • Future social and humanistic research in biomedicine must incorporate the navigation of ignorance and uncertainty by physicians.
    • Scientists, clinicians, social scientists, and ethicists should collaborate to enrich the discourse on medical ignorance.
    • The concept of "sufficient knowledge" offers a new lens for examining the practical realities of medical practice and education.