Interplay Between KSHV and the Host DNA Damage Response

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Virology
• Cellular Biology
• Oncology

Background:

• Viral infections trigger cellular responses, including the DNA damage response (DDR).
• The DDR is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity through DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis.
• Viruses can exploit the DDR to facilitate their replication and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the DNA damage response (DDR) in the context of viral infections.
• To specifically summarize the roles of the DDR in the lifecycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).
• To highlight how viral manipulation of the DDR may contribute to oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on viral-DDR interactions.
• Analysis of research focusing on oncogenic viruses, including KSHV, EBV, HPV, HBV, and HTLV-1.
• Synthesis of current knowledge regarding DDR activation and modulation during viral infection.

Main Results:

• The DDR is frequently activated during infection by various viruses, including oncogenic types.
• Viruses can manipulate DDR pathways to create a favorable environment for replication.
• Perturbation of the DDR by viral factors is linked to an increased risk of tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

• The interplay between viruses and the DDR is a critical aspect of viral pathogenesis.
• Understanding the DDR's role in KSHV lifecycle is essential for developing therapeutic strategies.
• Targeting viral manipulation of the DDR may offer novel approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.