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Non-radiographic validity and reliability measures for assessing foot types: A systematic review
Aline C Carrasco1, Mariana F Silva2, Leandro C Guenka2
1Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
Summary
Non-radiographic foot type classification lacks standardized measures. Static assessments like the Arch Height Index and Foot Posture Index show promise for reliable foot type evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Biomechanics
- Podiatry
Background:
- Foot type classification is crucial in clinical practice but lacks universal standardization.
- Current orthopedic literature highlights the absence of universally accepted methods for foot type determination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify valid and reliable non-radiographic assessment methods for foot type classification.
- To evaluate the efficacy of objective clinical methods in determining foot morphology.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted on cross-sectional studies assessing non-radiographic foot assessment methods.
- The Critical Appraisal Tool (CAT) was employed to evaluate measurement properties and risk of bias.
Main Results:
- Twenty-six studies were included, generally showing high reliability and validity scores.
- Inconsistencies in results were noted due to measurement variability, methodological heterogeneity, and lack of standardized classification parameters.
Conclusions:
- Static measurements including the Arch Height Index, Foot Posture Index, and Staheli Arch Index are suggested for foot type classification.
- These methods demonstrate potential for reliable foot type assessment based on Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and CAT results.
