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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
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Body integrity identity disorder using augmented reality: a symptom reduction study.

Collin Turbyne1, Pelle de Koning2, Jasper Zantvoord2

  • 1Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands c.a.turbyne@amsterdamumc.nl.

BMJ Case Reports
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Body integrity identity disorder (BIID) is a rare condition. Augmented reality (AR) virtual limb amputation simulations reduced BIID symptoms in two patients, suggesting AR

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ethicspsychiatryvirtual rehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Body integrity identity disorder (BIID) involves a disconnect between perceived body image and body schema.
  • Current treatments for BIID lack long-lasting efficacy and ethical clarity.
  • Exploring novel therapeutic modalities is crucial for managing BIID.

Observation:

  • Two patients with BIID participated in an augmented reality (AR) simulation.
  • The AR simulation involved virtual amputation of alienated body parts.
  • Patients experienced their desired body configurations during the simulation.

Findings:

  • Both patients reported a reduction in BIID-related complaints post-simulation.
  • The AR intervention provided a temporary experience of the 'ideal self'.
  • Preliminary data indicate a positive response to AR-based exposure therapy.

Implications:

  • Augmented reality shows potential as a therapeutic tool for BIID.
  • AR may offer diagnostic insights into body schema disturbances.
  • Further research is warranted to explore AR's clinical utility in psychiatry.