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Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
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Spite is contagious in dynamic networks.

Zachary Fulker1, Patrick Forber2, Rory Smead3

  • 1Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spite, a costly behavior harming others, evolves through dynamic interaction networks. This novel explanation shows how co-evolving networks and behavior allow spite to emerge, even with low average interaction correlation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Network science

Background:

  • Spite, defined as costly behavior harming others, poses an evolutionary paradox.
  • Previous models explaining costly harm relied on anti-correlated interactions (e.g., negative assortment or relatedness).
  • These models overlook the impact of co-evolving interaction networks and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of costly spite through dynamically evolving interaction networks.
  • To propose a novel explanation for spite's emergence by considering the co-evolution of network structure and behavior.
  • To analyze how simultaneous learning of behavior and interaction partners influences spite evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new model where agents can inflict costly harm.
  • Agents simultaneously learn their behavior and with whom to interact within a dynamic network.
  • Analysis of conditions under which spite emerges reliably.

Main Results:

  • Spite emerges reliably across a wide range of conditions in dynamic interaction networks.
  • Dynamic networks allow for simultaneous correlated and anti-correlated behavioral interactions, unlike standard models.
  • Spite evolves due to transient, partial anti-correlated interactions, even when other behaviors are positively correlated.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamically evolving interaction networks provide a robust explanation for the evolution of costly spite.
  • The co-evolution of network structure and behavior is crucial for understanding spite's emergence.
  • Transient anti-correlations in dynamic networks can facilitate spite even in populations with low overall interaction correlation.