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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.0K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

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Pyramidal Cells in Olfactory Cortex.

Peter C Brunjes1

  • 1Department Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.

Chemical Senses
|January 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pyramidal cells in the olfactory cortex show a dendritic size gradient, similar to the neocortex. Cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus are less complex than those in the posterior piriform cortex.

Keywords:
anterior olfactory nucleusanterior piriform cortexcortical evolutionposterior piriform cortex

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Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
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Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice

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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 21, 2025

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

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Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
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Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2014

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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Neocortex and olfactory cortices share organizational and developmental features.
  • Neocortical pyramidal cells display a dendritic size gradient related to information processing hierarchy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if olfactory cortical pyramidal cells also exhibit a dendritic size gradient.
  • To compare dendritic complexity between anterior olfactory nucleus and posterior piriform cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Histological analysis of pyramidal cell morphology.
  • Quantification of total dendritic length and neural space occupied.

Main Results:

  • Pyramidal cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus have significantly smaller total dendritic length compared to those in the posterior piriform cortex.
  • Cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus occupy less neural space, indicating lower dendritic complexity.

Conclusions:

  • The olfactory cortex follows a general rule of dendritic organization observed in other forebrain cortices.
  • This gradient in dendritic complexity supports hierarchical processing principles across olfactory pathways.