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Citric Acid Cross-Linked Nanocellulose-Based Paper for Size-Exclusion Nanofiltration.

Arne Quellmalz1, Albert Mihranyan1

  • 1Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.

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|January 13, 2021
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Summary

Citric acid cross-linking enhances nanocellulose paper filters for nanofiltration. This novel, nature-derived filter effectively removes 20 nm particles, paving the way for industrial sterile filtration applications.

Keywords:
Cladophora cellulosecitric acidnanocellulosenanofiltrationsize-exclusion filters

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Nanocellulose offers a sustainable platform for advanced materials.
  • Developing effective filters for nanofiltration, including sterile filtration, is crucial for various industries.
  • Existing filters often rely on synthetic materials or complex manufacturing processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-linking of nanocellulose with citric acid for creating novel paper filters.
  • To evaluate the performance of these filters in nanofiltration, specifically for removing small particles like viruses.
  • To assess the potential for industrial applications in sterile filtration.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-linking of Cladophora cellulose paper sheets using citric acid and sodium hypophosphate.
  • Curing the treated paper at 160 °C.
  • Characterization using FTIR, AFM, N2 gas adsorption, and tensile strength analysis.
  • Testing particle retention with 20 nm gold nanoparticles and SEM analysis.

Main Results:

  • Citric acid cross-linking significantly improved the wet strength of the nanocellulose paper filters.
  • The dry state of the paper became brittle after cross-linking.
  • The filters demonstrated the capability to remove 20 nm tracer particles, a first for nature-derived paper filters.
  • Improved wet strength allows for higher pressure gradients during filtration.

Conclusions:

  • Citric acid cross-linking is a beneficial method for developing robust nanocellulose paper filters.
  • These filters show promise for industrial applications in sterile (virus) removal.
  • The development represents a significant advancement in nature-derived filtration technologies.