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Upper Security Bounds for Coherent-One-Way Quantum Key Distribution.

Javier González-Payo1, Róbert Trényi1, Weilong Wang1,2,3

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Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2021
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This summary is machine-generated.

Coherent-one-way quantum key distribution (QKD) is not suitable for long-distance transmission due to security vulnerabilities. Current implementations of this QKD protocol are insecure and require re-evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Cryptography
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Quantum key distribution (QKD) performance is limited by multiphoton pulses, enabling photon-number splitting attacks.
  • Coherent-one-way (COW) QKD was proposed to overcome these limitations and extend QKD transmission distances.
  • The COW protocol's experimental simplicity has led to its adoption in commercial QKD systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive simple upper security bounds for the secret key rate of the COW QKD protocol.
  • To determine the scalability of COW QKD with system transmittance.
  • To address the long-standing problem of COW QKD's security and suitability for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of theoretical upper bounds on the secret key rate for COW QKD.
  • Analysis of the scaling relationship between secret key rate and system transmittance.
  • Security analysis of the COW protocol under realistic operating conditions.

Main Results:

  • The secret key rate of COW QKD scales at most quadratically with system transmittance.
  • This quadratic scaling limits the achievable distance for practical QKD systems.
  • Contrary to previous claims, COW QKD is inappropriate for long-distance transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The security analysis reveals fundamental limitations in the COW QKD protocol.
  • All current implementations of COW QKD are found to be insecure.
  • Further research is needed to develop secure and long-distance QKD protocols.