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Chimeric RNAs in cancer.

Xinrui Shi1, Sandeep Singh2, Emily Lin2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|January 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric RNAs, hybrid transcripts from separate genes, are increasingly recognized beyond cancer. Novel non-canonical types offer potential as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CancerChimeric RNAChromosomal rearrangementCis-splicing between adjacent genes (cis-SAGe)Fusion geneTrans-splicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Chimeric RNAs are hybrid transcripts formed from two distinct genes.
  • Traditionally linked to chromosomal rearrangements and oncogenesis, canonical chimeric RNAs have cancer-specific expression.
  • Recent discoveries reveal non-canonical chimeric RNAs generated via intergenic splicing (trans-splicing or cis-SAGe) without genomic aberrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of chimeric RNA categories and their expression in normal and cancerous tissues.
  • To discuss bioinformatic and biological methods for identifying cancer-specific chimeric RNAs.
  • To explore downstream methods for investigating their biogenesis, functions, and potential as cancer biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chimeric RNA identification and characterization.
  • Discussion of bioinformatic approaches for detecting chimeric RNAs.
  • Outline of experimental techniques for studying chimeric RNA processing and function.

Main Results:

  • Non-canonical chimeric RNAs are prevalent in normal physiology, with some exhibiting cancer-specific expression.
  • These novel chimeric RNAs can possess functions independent of their parental genes, influencing cell growth and motility.
  • The study highlights the potential of non-canonical chimeric RNAs as novel cancer diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • Chimeric RNAs represent a significant layer of the functional transcriptome.
  • Understanding the biogenesis and function of cancer-specific chimeric RNAs is crucial for developing new cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Non-canonical chimeric RNAs offer promising avenues for future cancer research and clinical applications.