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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Optic nerve head melanocytoma: Optical coherence tomography/angiography features.

Vishal Raval1, Rajeev Reddy2, Swathi Kaliki2

  • 1L V Prasad Eye Institute, KVC Campus, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, India; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) reveal distinct features of optic nerve head melanocytoma (ONH-MCT). These imaging techniques can help differentiate ONH-MCT from similar pigmented lesions like nevus and melanoma.

Keywords:
Oct-angiographyoptic nerve head melanocytomaoptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Optic nerve head melanocytoma (ONH-MCT) is a rare pigmented tumor.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and differentiation from other similar-appearing lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the diagnostic features of ONH-MCT using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study reviewed demographic, clinical, and imaging data of 11 patients with ONH-MCT.
  • SD OCT assessed tumor location, extent, and interface; OCT-A evaluated surface and intrinsic vascularity.
  • Flow rate percentage (FR %) was calculated and compared to the fellow eye and other pigmented lesions.

Main Results:

  • ONH-MCT tumors occupied optic disc, retinal, or retina-choroidal layers.
  • SD OCT showed elevated, hyperreflective, disorganized retinal layers with posterior shadowing and internal hyperreflective dots.
  • OCT-A revealed surface vascularization and intrinsic vascularity with a hyporeflective boundary; mean FR % was significantly higher compared to the fellow eye (p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • SD OCT and OCT-A provide characteristic features for ONH-MCT.
  • These imaging modalities can aid in differentiating ONH-MCT from clinically similar lesions such as nevus and melanoma.