Power-over-Fiber LPIT for Voltage and Current Measurements in the Medium Voltage Distribution Networks

In this work, we present the design, laboratory tests, and the field trial results of a power-over-fiber (PoF) low power instrument transformer (LPIT) for voltage and current measurements in the medium voltage distribution networks. The new proposed design of this power-over-fiber LPIT aims to overcome the drawbacks presented by the previous technologies, such as the continuous operation (measuring and data transmission) for a wide current range conducted in the medium voltage transmission lines, damage due to lightning strikes, accuracy dependency on vibration, position and temperatures. The LPIT attends the accuracy criteria of IEC 61869-10 and IEC 61869-11 in terms of current and voltage accuracy and it attends the practical criteria adopted by Utilities companies including voltage measurements without removing the coating of the covered conductors. The PoF based LPIT was developed to be applied at 11.9 kV, 13.8 kV, and 23.0 kV phase-to-phase nominal voltages, and in two current ranges 1.25-30 A and 37.5-900 A. The digital data transmission of current, voltage, and temperature from the sensing unit to the processing unit uses a special synchronism technique and it is performed by two 62.5 µm multimode fibers in 850 nm. The optical powering in 976 nm is also performed by one 62.5 µm multimode fiber from the processing unit to the sensor unit. We presented all details of the sensor design and its laboratory characterization in terms of accuracy and temperature correction. We also presented the results of field tests of the sensor made in two different conditions: in a standard distribution network and an experimental hybrid fiber/power distribution network. We believe that these studies aim to incorporate optical fiber and devices, digital technologies, communications systems in electrical systems driving their evolution.