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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

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Published on: March 2, 2011

3D Photon-to-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works.

Jean-François Pratte¹, Frédéric Nolet¹, Samuel Parent¹

¹Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 20, 2021

Summary

3D photon-to-digital converters offer superior performance for radiation detection compared to current analog and 2D digital SiPMs. This technology enhances applications like medical imaging and low-background experiments, addressing limitations in timing resolution and capacitance.

Keywords:

3D heterogeneous integration 3D photon-to-digital converter SPAD array SiPM digital SiPM liquid argon liquid xenon positron emission tomography silicon photomultiplier single-photon avalanche diode time-of-flight

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Published on: January 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Physics
Instrumentation
Engineering

Background:

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have transformed radiation detection, replacing traditional devices like avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes.
Current SiPM technologies face performance limitations in critical areas such as timing resolution and output capacitance, hindering advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the case for 3D photon-to-digital converters (3D digital SiPMs) as a next-generation technology with superior performance potential.
To review the capabilities and applications of 3D photon-to-digital converters in radiation instrumentation.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive review of 3D photon-to-digital converter technology.
Discussion of key design considerations for optimizing 3D digital SiPMs for radiation instrumentation.

Main Results:

3D digital SiPMs demonstrate potential for enhanced performance over existing analog and 2D digital SiPMs.
Identified key design choices including SPAD array, CMOS technology, quenching circuits, TDC, digital signal processing, and system integration.

Conclusions:

3D photon-to-digital converters represent a significant advancement in radiation instrumentation.
This technology is poised to enable breakthroughs in time-of-flight medical imaging and low-background noble liquid experiments.