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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

A Rational Fabrication Method for Low Switching-Temperature VO₂.

László Pósa^1,2, György Molnár¹, Benjamin Kalas¹

¹Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 20, 2021

Summary

We developed a simple method to create vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films by oxidizing vanadium metal in air. This technique offers a controlled fabrication process for VO2-rich layers with significant electrical and optical switching properties.

Keywords:

phase transition thermal oxidation thermochromism

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Published on: July 1, 2013

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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Published on: May 13, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Solid State Physics

Background:

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits significant electrical and optical switching properties, making it attractive for various applications.
Controlling the stoichiometry of multivalent vanadium oxides during fabrication remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and optimize a straightforward fabrication method for VO2-rich layers.
To investigate the electrical and optical switching characteristics of the fabricated VO2 films.

Main Methods:

Oxidation of metallic vanadium in atmospheric air at 400 °C with annealing times between 3.0-3.5 hours.
Characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area diffraction (SAD).
Temperature-dependent electrical resistance measurements and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Main Results:

Optimized annealing window of 3.0-3.5 hours at 400 °C yielded VO2-rich layers.
Electrical resistance contrast (R30°C/R100°C) ranged from 44 to 68.
Optical switching confirmed via complex refractive index changes.
Phase transition temperature determined to be 49 ± 7 °C, lower than bulk VO2.

Conclusions:

A simple and effective method for fabricating VO2-rich films via air oxidation of vanadium metal was established.
The fabricated VO2 films demonstrate notable electrical and optical switching behavior.
The optimized process yields VO2 with a lower phase transition temperature compared to bulk material.