Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
The shift to digital: designing for learning from a culturally relevant interactive media perspective
Jason A Engerman1, Richard F Otto1
1East Stroudsburg University, Rosenkrans East, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 USA.
Higher education rapidly shifted to online learning during the pandemic, highlighting the need for effective learning design. This review examines how flexible, culturally relevant educational ecosystems and interactive media can improve online instruction.
Area of Science:
- Educational Technology
- Higher Education Pedagogy
- Online Learning Design
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid transition to online learning in higher education, exposing instructors' lack of preparedness.
- This review critically examines Bennett et al.'s (2017) work on university teachers' design processes in response to this shift.
- The article addresses the impact, applications, limitations, and future directions for successful online learning design during the COVID-19 era.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the impact of Bennett et al.'s (2017) research on effective online learning design.
- To provide a roadmap for expert instruction by focusing on flexibility across disciplines.
- To explore applications, limitations, and future suggestions for online learning design in higher education.
Main Methods:
- The study is a review responding to Bennett et al.'s (2017) research on teachers' design work.
- It analyzes findings related to designing for efficiency, detailed considerations, and iterative refinement processes.
- A descriptive framework is utilized to facilitate co-design of authentic learning experiences.
Main Results:
- Bennett et al.'s work suggests designing for efficiency, comprehensive detail, and refinement.
- The current review highlights the potential for flexible, interdisciplinary learning design.
- A descriptive framework enables co-design of culturally relevant, meaning-making experiences.
Conclusions:
- Effective online learning design requires flexibility and attention to detail.
- Culturally relevant pedagogy and interactive media are crucial for successful online educational ecosystems.
- Future research should be more explanatory and prescriptive, exploring the rationale behind design decisions.
Related Concept Videos
Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context
Self Within Cultural Contexts
Design Consideration
The factor of safety is another key...
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Purposive Learning
The Role of Culture

