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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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The Epigenome in Atherosclerosis.

Sarah Costantino1, Francesco Paneni2,3,4

  • 1Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|January 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications, influenced by environmental factors, play a crucial role in atherosclerosis development and can be inherited. Understanding these epigenetic changes offers new avenues for personalized cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment.

Keywords:
Atherosclerotic plaqueEpigenetic therapiesEpigenomeInflammationVascular disease

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 20, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic vascular disease pathogenesis involves nongenetic factors beyond inherited DNA.
  • Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone alterations, regulate gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic modifications in atherosclerosis.
  • To detail the epigenetic landscape, inheritance patterns, and regulatory functions in vascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research on epigenetics in cardiovascular disease.
  • Detailed examination of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic signals, induced by environmental factors, can be inherited and contribute to premature vascular disease.
  • Epigenetic modifications fine-tune gene transcription involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are critical regulators in atherosclerosis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
  • Understanding individual epigenetic profiles can lead to personalized risk assessment and novel treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.