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Related Experiment Video

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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

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Published on: November 15, 2013

Energy-Dependent π^{+}π^{+}π^{+} Scattering Amplitude from QCD.

Maxwell T Hansen^1,2, Raul A Briceño^3,4, Robert G Edwards³

¹Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|January 22, 2021

Summary

This study provides the first nonperturbative calculation of three-pion scattering amplitude using lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The results reveal complex interactions and energy-dependent behavior in three-hadron systems.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
Hadron Spectroscopy
Nuclear Physics

Background:

Understanding multi-hadron interactions is crucial in nuclear physics.
Previous studies lacked nonperturbative, energy-dependent three-hadron scattering amplitudes.
Lattice QCD provides a first-principles approach to strong interaction physics.

Purpose of the Study:

To perform the first nonperturbative determination of an energy-dependent three-hadron scattering amplitude.
To analyze the interactions of three-pion states (π⁺π⁺π⁺) with maximal isospin.
To connect finite-volume lattice QCD calculations with physical scattering amplitudes.

Main Methods:

Utilizing numerical lattice QCD to extract three-hadron energies in a finite volume.
Applying a relativistic finite-volume formalism to interpret the lattice data.
Solving integral equations to relate the three-body K matrix to the scattering amplitude.

Main Results:

The first nonperturbative, energy-dependent three-pion scattering amplitude was determined.
The amplitude exhibits a complex analytic structure.
A detailed dependence on two-pion invariant masses was observed and visualized using Dalitz-like plots.

Conclusions:

This work establishes a novel method for calculating multi-hadron scattering amplitudes from QCD.
The findings offer new insights into the dynamics of three-body interactions in strongly interacting systems.
The results pave the way for future investigations of complex hadronic systems from first principles.