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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Standardization of Basket Use in Sialendoscopy: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study
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Recurrent Submandibular Sialolithiasis in a Child.

How Kit Thong1,2, Hafiz Mohamad Mahbob1, Primuharsa Putra Sabir Husin Athar2

  • 1Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, MYS.

Cureus
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric sialolithiasis, or salivary stones, is rare. Recurrent submandibular sialolithiasis in a 10-year-old boy required surgical gland excision after conservative treatments failed, leading to full recovery.

Keywords:
pediatricsalivary gland calculisialadenitissialolithiasissubmandibular gland

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Sialolithiasis, a common salivary gland disease (up to 30%), is infrequently diagnosed in children.
  • Salivary stone formation involves calcium salt deposition around a nidus, often linked to epithelial debris or infection.
  • Submandibular sialolithiasis typically presents with neck swelling, pain, fever, and purulent discharge, potentially leading to abscess.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 10-year-old boy with recurrent submandibular sialolithiasis is presented.
  • Initial treatment involved conservative measures and antibiotics.
  • Recurrent symptoms despite medical management necessitated surgical intervention.

Findings:

  • Submandibular gland excision was performed due to the failure of conservative and antibiotic treatments.
  • The patient experienced a full recovery following the surgical procedure.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the challenges in managing pediatric sialolithiasis, particularly recurrent cases.
  • Surgical intervention, such as gland excision, may be a necessary treatment option when conservative measures fail.
  • Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications like abscess formation in pediatric sialolithiasis.