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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Infant with a rapidly progressing rash.

Rachelle Hancock1, Ilene Rothman2, Mary Kate Mannix2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA rhancock@buffalo.edu.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a benign condition presenting as a widespread rash and swelling in infants. Early recognition can prevent unnecessary tests and reduce anxiety for families and healthcare providers.

Keywords:
dermatologyemergency medicineimmunologypaediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infants can present with sudden, widespread skin rashes and swelling, mimicking serious conditions.
  • Differentiating benign conditions from critical illnesses is crucial in pediatric emergency care.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy infant developed rapidly progressing erythematous macules and distal edema.
  • The infant remained playful and stable, creating a diagnostic challenge.
  • Initial presentation raised concerns for infectious etiologies like meningococcemia.

Findings:

  • Extensive workup and consultations led to a diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI).
  • AHEI is a benign, self-limiting leucocytoclastic vasculitis.
  • The infant's rash resolved spontaneously within 7 days without treatment.

Implications:

  • Recognizing AHEI can prevent extensive and unnecessary diagnostic workups in infants.
  • Accurate diagnosis reduces anxiety for families and healthcare providers.
  • Understanding AHEI's benign nature is key to appropriate pediatric case management.