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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
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Vocal development in a large-scale crosslinguistic corpus.

Margaret Cychosz1, Alejandrina Cristia2, Elika Bergelson3

  • 1Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences & Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Developmental Science
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early speech development, marked by canonical vocalizations, shows similar patterns across diverse cultures. This study analyzed recordings from infants aged 1-36 months, confirming developmental milestones in natural settings.

Keywords:
babblingcrosslinguisticcrowdsourcinginfantsnaturalistic recordingspeechvocal development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Acoustic Phonetics

Background:

  • Early vocalizations are crucial for language acquisition.
  • Understanding developmental trajectories of infant speech is key.
  • Cross-cultural studies are needed to identify universal and culturally specific patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if early vocalizations develop similarly across diverse cultural contexts.
  • To establish developmental milestones for canonical vocalizations in a multi-cultural sample.
  • To explore the utility of crowdsourcing for linguistic data annotation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of daylong audio recordings from 49 infants (1-36 months) across five cultural backgrounds.
  • Citizen scientists annotated recordings for canonical transitions (e.g., "ba").
  • Utilized a large-scale infant vocalization corpus for research.

Main Results:

  • The proportion of canonical vocalizations increased with infant age.
  • Canonical vocalizations exceeded 0.15 by approximately 7 months of age.
  • Crowdsourcing demonstrated lower inter-annotator reliability compared to expert annotation.

Conclusions:

  • Canonical vocalization development appears consistent across diverse cultural and linguistic environments.
  • Crowdsourcing is a viable, though less precise, method for large-scale infant vocalization annotation.
  • The created infant vocalization corpus is available for future research.