SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in a Sleep-Away Camp

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Virology

Background:

• A significant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred at a youth sleep-away camp in Georgia during June 2020.
• The outbreak primarily affected individuals 21 years of age and younger, necessitating an investigation into transmission dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the extent of the COVID-19 outbreak at the youth camp.
• To assess factors contributing to the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within this congregate setting.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 627 campers and staff.
• Data collection included interviews on demographics, exposures, and mitigation measures, alongside SARS-CoV-2 testing and symptom reporting.
• Analysis involved calculating attack rates, instantaneous reproduction numbers, and sequencing viral genomes.

Main Results:

• The overall attack rate for COVID-19 was 56%, with 339 camp-associated cases identified.
• Of 288 symptomatic case patients, 16% were asymptomatic.
• Despite cohorting, 50% reported contact outside their cabin, and the initial instantaneous reproduction number was 10.

Conclusions:

• A few introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into a youth congregate setting led to a substantial outbreak.
• Effective control requires a multifaceted approach including pre-arrival quarantine, symptom monitoring, isolation, cohorting, social distancing, mask-wearing, and enhanced hygiene.
• Targeted promotion of these mitigation measures is crucial for younger populations.