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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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[2020 oncology update].

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The COVID-19 pandemic spurred new cancer therapies and treatment combinations in 2020. These advances are enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life across various oncological diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted healthcare practices and patient management globally in 2020.
  • Despite challenges, 2020 witnessed significant progress in cancer treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key advancements and novel therapeutic strategies in oncology during 2020.
  • To provide an overview of progress across multiple cancer types.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent oncological literature and clinical trial data from 2020.
  • Synthesis of information on new therapeutic combinations and individual therapies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress was made in developing novel therapies and treatment combinations for various cancers.
  • Improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life were observed across oncological diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The year 2020, despite the pandemic, was marked by substantial innovation in cancer care.
  • These oncological advances offer improved prognosis and quality of life for patients with lung, breast, digestive, gynecological, urological, and ENT cancers.