Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.7K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.7K
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

293
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
293
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

404
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
404
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.1K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.1K
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

302
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
302
First Impression01:09

First Impression

74
First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
74

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unveiling memory's role in the hindsight bias: A relative accessibility account.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

Get the unbalance right: asymmetric transfer effects in cognitive offloading.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2026
Same author

External Time Monitoring in Time-Based Prospective Memory: An Integrative Framework.

Cognitive science·2022
Same author

Spatial ability contributes to memory for delayed intentions.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2020
Same author

Decision-making competence in older adults: A rosy view from a longitudinal investigation.

Psychology and aging·2020
Same author

The Fatalistic Decision Maker: Time Perspective, Working Memory, and Older Adults' Decision-Making Competence.

Frontiers in psychology·2019
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.5K

Intention framing in time-based prospective memory.

Fabio Del Missier1, Marta Stragà1, Mimì Visentini1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Framing delayed intentions as time rules or specific instances impacts memory. Rules are learned faster, but instances lead to better prospective memory performance and different cognitive strategies.

More Related Videos

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
08:45

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

Published on: December 5, 2014

9.4K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.5K
A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
08:45

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

Published on: December 5, 2014

9.4K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Prospective memory research has overlooked how intention framing affects recall.
  • Time-based prospective memory involves remembering to perform an action at a future time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of framing delayed intentions as time rules versus specific instances.
  • To assess effects on intention learning, representation, cognitive strategies, and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies utilized time-based prospective memory tasks with multiple delayed intentions.
  • Intentions were framed either as time rules (e.g., every 7 min) or as a series of instances (e.g., at 7, 10, 14 min).
  • Evaluated intention learning, mental representation, cognitive load, and prospective memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Time rules were learned more quickly than instances.
  • Intention framing influenced mental representation and strategy use (rule frame: incremental planning; instance frame: serial recall).
  • The instance frame resulted in superior prospective memory performance compared to the rule frame.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative framing of delayed intentions significantly alters mental representation, cognitive strategies, and task performance.
  • Findings have implications for understanding and improving prospective memory in both theoretical and applied contexts.