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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Compassion-Focused Group Therapy for Treatment-Resistant OCD: Initial Evaluation Using a Multiple Baseline Design.

Nicola Petrocchi1,2, Teresa Cosentino3, Valerio Pellegrini4

  • 1Department of Economics and Social Sciences, John Cabot University, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This pilot study found that an 8-week group compassion-focused intervention significantly reduced obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in treatment-resistant patients. The improvements in OCD symptoms were largely maintained at follow-up, suggesting potential as an adjunctive therapy.

Keywords:
compassion-focused therapycompassionate mind trainingfear of guiltmultiple baseline designobsessive–compulsive disorderself-compassionself-criticismself-reassuring

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a significant mental health condition, often becoming resistant to standard treatments, affecting roughly half of patients.
  • Existing therapies for OCD have limitations, highlighting the need for effective augmentation strategies to improve patient outcomes.
  • Self-criticism and fear of guilt are implicated in OCD's development and maintenance, suggesting compassion-focused approaches may be beneficial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the acceptability, tolerability, and effectiveness of an 8-week group compassion-focused intervention for treatment-resistant OCD.
  • To evaluate the intervention's impact on OCD symptoms, depression, fear of guilt, self-criticism, common humanity, and self-reassurance skills.
  • To explore the potential of compassion-focused therapy for OCD (CFT-OCD) as a standalone or adjunctive treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study employed a multiple baseline experimental design with 8 treatment-resistant OCD patients.
  • Participants received 8 weekly 120-minute group sessions of CFT-OCD after completing at least 6 months of CBT.
  • Data were collected at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up, with randomization to different baseline lengths.

Main Results:

  • All participants showed reliable decreases in OCD symptoms by the end of treatment, with 7 out of 8 maintaining improvements at 4-week follow-up.
  • The intervention led to improvements in fear of guilt, self-criticism, and self-reassurance.
  • While depression and common humanity showed less consistent improvement, participants reported high acceptability and satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • The 8-week group compassion-focused intervention appears acceptable and tolerable for treatment-resistant OCD patients.
  • CFT-OCD demonstrated effectiveness in reducing OCD symptoms and associated psychological distress.
  • This intervention shows promise as an adjunctive therapy to enhance existing OCD treatment protocols.