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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Spinal Cord Medicine

    Background:

    • The landscape of infectious neurologic diseases is evolving, with an increasing number of immunocompromised patients.
    • Advances in antiretroviral therapies impact disease presentation and management.
    • Emerging diagnostic tools offer improved accuracy for spinal infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review infectious etiologies of spinal cord dysfunction.
    • To emphasize recognizing clinicoradiographic syndromes in infectious myelopathies.
    • To guide the interpretation of syndromes within exposure risk and host susceptibility contexts.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of infectious myelopathies.
    • Analysis of clinicoradiographic syndromes.
    • Consideration of exposure risks and host immune status.

    Main Results:

    • Infectious myelopathies require careful pathogen identification.
    • Geography, seasonality, and patient immune status are key factors in diagnosis.
    • New diagnostic tests enhance the ability to detect spinal infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of infectious myelopathies relies on integrating clinical, radiographic, and epidemiological data.
    • Tailoring diagnostic testing and initial management based on patient-specific factors is essential.
    • Understanding the shifting spectrum of infectious diseases is critical for optimal patient care.